The Maisotsenko Cycle - Conceptual
A Technical Concept View of the Maisotsenko Cycle
The following conceptual view of the Maisotsenko Cycle is meant for engineers and scientists who have a good understanding of thermodynamics but do not want to follow the heat transfer equations presented in the Technical Description. A basic view without many technical terms is also available for other readers.
Steps to Understanding the Maisotsenko Cycle:
1. Review evaporative cooling.
2. Review the indirect evaporative process.
3. Learn the Maisotsenko Cycle.
Direct Evaporative Cooling
Evaporative coolers lower the temperature of air by using
the latent heat of evaporation, changing water to vapor. In this process, the
energy in the air does not change. Warm dry air is changed to cool moist air.
Heat in the air is used to evaporate water. No heat is added or removed, making
it an adiabatic process. The enthalpy of the air or energy of the air does not change.
Direct evaporative systems vary from 70 percent to 95 percent effective in temperature
reduction related to the incoming air’s wet bulb temperature.
Figure 1: Cross section sketch shows direct evaporative cooling.
Indirect Evaporative Air Cooling
For many years indirect evaporative air coolers have been used with little
success. Because of the poor heat transfer rates, commercialized units have not been able to produce a cooling capacity that justifies
the excessive material and manufacturing costs.
Thermodynamically an indirect evaporative air cooler passes primary or product
air over the dry side of a plate and secondary or working air over the
opposite wet side of a plate. The wet side absorbs heat from the dry side by
evaporating water and therefore cooling the dry side with the latent heat of
vaporizing water into the air. The air temperature on the dry side of the
plate travels in counter flow to the air on the wet side. Ideally the product
air temperature on the dry side of the plate could reach the wet bulb
temperature of the incoming air.
Figure 2: Cross section sketch demonstrates indirect evaporative cooling.
Theoretically, the working air on the wet side of the plate would
increase in temperature from its incoming air wet bulb temperature to the
incoming product air-dry bulb temperature and be saturated. Of course this
would require a balancing of the product and working airflow rates with an
infinite amount of surface area and pure counter flow.
In practice it is not possible to have pure counter flow as the air would need
to enter
and leave from the same sides. This geometry of plate exchangers force
indirect evaporative coolers to be in cross flow. The effectiveness of these
types of coolers is reported to approach 54 percent of the incoming air wet bulb
temperature.
This is a typical cross flow indirect evaporative cooler. The physical limitations of construction means that about 10 percent of the working air and 10 percent of the surface area perform about 70 percent of the cooling.
The Maisotsenko Cycle
The Maisotsenko Cycle uses the same wet side and dry side of a
plate as described in the above indirect evaporative cooler but with a much
different geometry and airflow, creating a new thermodynamic cycle. This cycle
allows any liquid or vapor to be cooled below the wet bulb and toward the dew
point temperature of the incoming working air.
The Maisotsenko Cycle utilizes the psychrometric energy (or the potential
energy) available from the latent heat in an evaporating gas. The Maisotsenko
Cycle has been realized in a uniquely designed plate wetting and channel
system which achieves optimum cooling temperatures within a few degrees of dew
point for the product air. In addition, the working air is saturated with high
enthalpy, accounting for the sensible heat loss in the product air.
Two dimensional, simplified diagram shows the Maisotsenko Cycle.
Diagram of actual perforated cross flow heat and
mass exchanger used in the Coolerado Cooler.
An independent testing lab tested one of the Coolerado heat and mass exchangers. Tests obtained a wet bulb effectiveness of 110 percent to 122 percent; and a dew point effectiveness of 55 percent to 85 percent.
The Maisotsenko Cycle has broad applications in many industries to increase the efficiency of cooling and saturation beyond any previously considered cycles while reducing initial and ongoing operating costs.
This cycle opens up a new way to arrange the flow in heat and mass transfer equipment obtaining better and more economical results. This technology is proprietary, patented and patent pending technology.
See "Cycle Applications" for detailed information on:
- Maisotsenko Combustion Turbine Cycle for producing power
- Maisotsenko High Temperature and / or Pressure Fluid Cooler
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